Traditional Inca Trail Peru : History, Routes, and Legacy in the Andes
The classic Traditional Inca Trail Peru was a network of over 40,000 km connecting Cusco with Mendoza and Santiago de Chile. Built with astonishing engineering, it crossed mountains, valleys, and gorges to unify the Inca Empire.
Explorers such as Lizárraga (1589) and Olaverría (1594) reported that the Incas preferred to cross the Andes via safe routes, avoiding the Atacama Desert. These trails facilitated trade, transport of maize, copper, and textiles, as well as political control across the empire.
Sites of the Inca Trail in Mendoza – Traditional Inca Trail Peru
Tambillitos (2,240 m / 7,350 ft)
An ancient tambo or rest stop with stone walls and Diaguita and Inca ceramics, showing cultural coexistence. It was a key supply point for caravans heading to Chile.
Ranchillos
With over 80 circular and rectangular structures, this site served as a logistical hub for messengers (chaskis) and caravans. The ruins highlight the organization and reach of the Inca road system.
Yalguaraz (2,200 m / 7,218 ft)
A ceremonial site with circular structures and pure Inca ceramics. From here, the trail continued north, extending the empire’s reach into the central Andes.
The Southern Border of the Inca Empire -Traditional Inca Trail Peru
Research suggests that the Mendoza River marked the southern limit of the empire. Further south, archaeological findings indicate cultural exchange rather than political control. In areas such as Uspallata, the Incas lived peacefully with the Huarpes and Diaguitas, sharing agricultural and spiritual knowledge.
Machu Picchu and Huayna Picchu: The Final Destination
The most famous section ends at Machu Picchu, Peru’s crown jewel. After several days of trekking, travelers arrive at Inti Punku (Sun Gate), revealing the sacred citadel.
Climbing Huayna Picchu offers spectacular views and a spiritual connection to the legacy of the sun and Inca gods.
Tips for Hiking the Inca Trail
- Advance booking: Permits are limited.
- Acclimatization: Spend at least two days in Cusco before starting the trek.
- Essential gear: Trekking shoes, poncho, sunscreen, trekking poles.
- Alternative routes: Salkantay Trek, Lares Trek, or Inca Jungle Trail, all reaching Machu Picchu.
What to Bring: A Complete Packing Guide
Hiking the Inca Trail is a world-famous experience that blends landscapes, history, and ancestral energy—but it’s also challenging. Proper preparation ensures your journey is memorable, not exhausting.
Documents and Money
Passport: Original and valid; required at all checkpoints.
Student ID (ISIC): If applicable, provides discounts for Machu Picchu tickets.
Cash: In Peruvian soles, for souvenirs, tips, or extra purchases. ATMs are not available along the trail.
Tip: Keep documents in a waterproof bag inside your backpack.
Clothing and Footwear -Traditional Inca Trail Peru
The Andes weather is unpredictable, with sudden shifts from sun to rain. Dress in layers and use quick-dry technical clothing.
- Recommended clothing:
Layered clothing: t-shirts, fleece, and warm jackets
- Raincoat or poncho
- Windbreaker
- Trekking pants (preferably convertible)
- Hat/cap and sunglasses
- Thermal underwear for cold nights
- Trekking boots with good traction
Tip: Do not wear new shoes on the trail. Break them in beforehand to prevent blisters.
Health and Personal Care -Traditional Inca Trail Peru
Altitude, strong sun, and humidity can affect your wellbeing. A small personal kit will help you avoid common discomforts.
- Sunscreen and lip balm
- Insect repellent
Personal first aid kit: basic medications, altitude sickness tablets, antidiarrheals, bandages
- Wet wipes and hand sanitizer
- Toilet paper in a sealed bag
Tip: Drink water frequently to prevent dehydration.
- Essential Gear and Accessories
Your equipment is your best ally. Keep your backpack light, practical, and organized.
- Daypack with lumbar support
- Water bottle or flask (at least 1 liter)
- Energy snacks: bars, chocolate, nuts
- Headlamp for camp navigation at night
- Camera or smartphone
- Batteries or power bank
- Trekking poles (with rubber tips to protect trails)
- Sleeping bag (some agencies offer rentals)
Tip: Use plastic or waterproof bags inside your backpack to keep clothes dry.
Enjoy the Experience with Proper Preparation
Hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu combines physical challenge, history, and spirituality. With the right gear, you’ll enjoy every sunrise in the mountains, each hidden ruin in the mist, and finally the triumphant arrival at Inti Punku (Sun Gate), with Machu Picchu sprawling before your eyes.
Travel light, prepare well, and let the trail transform you.